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·        The Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement or DTAA is a tax treaty signed between India and another country, so that taxpayers can avoid paying double taxes on their income earned from the source country as well as the residence country. ·        The primary idea behind DTAA agreements with various countries is to minimize the opportunity for tax evasion for tax payers in either or both of the countries between which the bilateral/multilateral DTAA agreement have been signed. ·        At present, India has double tax avoidance treaties with more than 80 countries around the world. Need for DTAA ·        The need for DTAA arises out of the imbalance in tax collection on global income of individuals. ·        DTAAs are intended to make a country an attractive investment destination by providing relief on...

·        Rajya Sabha Committee on Subordinate Legislation was first constituted in 1964. ·        For the first time the Committee was constituted in the Lok sabha in December, 1953 and has been constituted since then from year to year. Structure For Rajya Sabha ·        The Committee consists of fifteen members including the Chairman who is nominated by the Chairman, Rajya Sabha. ·        Normally, the Committee is re-constituted every year. ·        Casual vacancies in the Committee shall be filled by the Chairman. ·        The Chairman of the Committee shall be appointed by the Chairman from amongst the members of the Committee ·        It the Chairman of the Committee is absent from any meeting, the Committee shall choose another member to act as Chairman of ...

·        It was in 1953, the first Committee on Government Assurances was constituted by the Speaker in the Lok Sabha for systematic follow-up of Ministerial assurances. ·        The Committee was constituted for the first time in Rajya Sabha on 1 July 1972. The Committee on Government Assurances in Rajya Sabha is constituted under rule 212 A of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Rajya Sabha. Structure For Rajya Sabha ·        The Committee consists of ten members nominated by the Chairman and holds office until a new Committee is nominated. ·        Normally, the Committee is reconstituted every year. ·        The Chairman of the Committee is appointed by the Chairman from amongst the members of the Committee. ·        If the Chairman of the Committee is absent from any meeting,...

·        Chlorophyll is a green pigment found in plants. ·        Chlorophyll is essential in photosynthesis, allowing plants to absorb energy from light. ·        Besides plants, chlorophyll is found in all photosynthetic organisms such as cyanobacteria and in the chloroplasts of algae.  ·        Two types of chlorophyll, chlorophyll a and b commonly exist in the photosystems of green plants. ·        Chlorophyll c is found in certain marine algae and Chlorophyll d is found in certain species of cyanobacteria. Even rarer is Chlorophyll e found only in some golden algae. ·        Chlorophyll was first isolated and named by Joseph Bienaime Caventou and Pierre Joseph Pelletier in 1817.   Photosynthesis ...

  ·        The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, commonly known as the Non-Proliferation Treaty or NPT, is an international treaty whose objective is to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and weapons technology, to promote cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, and to further the goal of achieving nuclear disarmament and general and complete disarmament.  ·        Opened for signature in 1968, the treaty entered into force in 1970. As required by the text, after twenty-five years, NPT Parties met in May 1995 and agreed to extend the treaty indefinitely.  ·        The treaty defines nuclear-weapon states as those that have built and tested a nuclear explosive device before 1 January 1967. The United States, Russia, the United Kingdom, France, and China are ...

 The Financial Action Task Force (FATF) is an intergovernmental organisation founded in 1989 in Paris on the initiative of the G7 to develop policies to combat money laundering.  The objectives of the FATF are to set standards and promote effective implementation of legal, regulatory and operational measures for combating money laundering, terrorist financing and other related threats to the integrity of the international financial system. Its Secretariat is located at the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) headquarters in Paris. In its first year, FATF issued a report containing forty recommendations to more effectively fight money laundering. These standards were revised in 2003 to reflect evolving patterns and techniques in money laundering. The mandate of the organisation was expanded in 2001 to include terrorist financing following the September 11 terror attacks. Members of FATF At the time of its formation, FATF had 16 members, which by 2021 ha...

  World Wetlands Day is observed every year on 02 February. It aims to raise awareness about the importance of wetlands, which apart from contributing to biodiversity, also help in mitigation of climate impact and availability of freshwater. The theme for the World Wetlands Day 2022 is 'Wetland's action for people and nature showing the actions required to ensure the conservation and sustenance of wetlands. History of World Wetlands Day The day was first accepted as an international treaty named the Convention on Wetlands on February 02, 1971, in Ramsar, Iran. The United Nations General Assembly adopted resolution 75/317 for World Wetlands Day on August 30, 2021. Though public awareness regarding the day started in 1997. Significance of World Wetlands Day The wetlands play a significant role in the ecosystem as they are the biodiversity hotspots, being the habitat for many aquatic flora and fauna. It is also home to numerous species of birds, including migrato...

  ·        Treasury bills, also known as T-bills, are short term money market instruments. ·        It is a promissory note with a guarantee of payment at a later date. The funds collected are usually used for short term requirements of the government. It is also used to reduce the overall fiscal deficit of the country. ·        Treasury bills or T-bills have zero-coupon rates, i.e. no interest is earned on them. ·        Individuals can purchase T-bills at a discount to the face value. Later, they are redeemed at a nominal value, thereby allowing the investors to earn the difference. Types of Treasury Bills ·        Four types of treasury bills- Ø   14-day Treasury bill - These bills complete their maturity on 14 days. They are auctioned on Wednesday. The auction occurs every week. These bills are sold in the mult...

  ·        Two-state solution, proposed framework for resolving the Israeli-Palestinian conflict by establishing two states for two peoples, Palestine for the Palestinian people and Israel for the Jewish people. ·        In 1993 the Israeli government and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) agreed on a plan to implement a two-state solution as part of the Oslo Accords, leading to the establishment of the Palestinian Authority. Background ·        Britain took control of the area known as Palestine after the ruler of that part of the Middle East, the Ottoman Empire, was defeated in World War One. The land was inhabited by a Jewish minority and Arab majority. Tensions between the two peoples grew when the international community gave Britain the task of establishing a "national home" in Palestine for Jewish people. For Jews it was their ancestra...